{"id":1670,"date":"2021-03-09T10:30:50","date_gmt":"2021-03-09T14:30:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/?p=1670"},"modified":"2022-07-11T11:18:35","modified_gmt":"2022-07-11T15:18:35","slug":"laryngeal-paralysis-is-not-a-death-sentence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/laryngeal-paralysis-is-not-a-death-sentence\/","title":{"rendered":"Laryngeal paralysis is not a death sentence"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Laryngeal paralysis (aka \u201clar par\u201d) is a common condition in dogs (and rarely cats). What follows are my thoughts about the condition, its treatment and its outcome. They are based on recent science, and many years of experience treating lar par.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1267\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/labrador.jpg\" alt=\"A golden retriever\" class=\"wp-image-1676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/labrador.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/labrador-1100x726.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/labrador-768x507.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/labrador-1536x1014.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">What is Laryngeal Paralysis?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Laryngeal paralysis is a condition that severely affects a pet\u2019s breathing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the veterinary world, we call it \u201cLar Par\u201d in short. A few people call it LP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The larynx (please note, it is larynx and not \u201clar-nynx\u201d as many people call it\u2026) is the medical name for the voice box. If you\u2019ve ever had laryngitis, then your very own larynx was irritated. The larynx is also the entrance to the wind pipe (or trachea) and, beyond, to the lungs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Besides making all kinds of noises, the job of the larynx is to close off after we inhale, open up when we inhale, and again shut off when we eat and drink so we don\u2019t \u201cswallow the wrong way.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When laryngeal paralysis occurs, none of these things happen. Taking a deep breath becomes impossible. The poor dog literally suffocates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">Who can be affected?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The typical patient is an older large breed dog. The poster child is the Labrador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most dogs are over 10 years of age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Males are affected 2-4 times more often than females.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a hereditary or congenital form of Lar Par, which can affect Bouviers des Flandres, Huskies and Dalmatians. In those rare cases, young dogs, 1 year or younger, are affected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lar Par has also been described in small to medium dogs, as well as cats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To avoid posting a long list here, I\u2019ve shared the list of breeds I\u2019ve treated over the years at the bottom of this article*.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">What happens?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lar Par occurs because the nerves that control the muscles which act on the cartilages of the larynx are diseased.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typically, the condition starts on one side (\u201cunilateral\u201d paralysis or hemiparesis). If your dog is an athlete or a working dog (racing, agility, police dog, serious hiking, Search And Rescue), you may notice breathing difficulties. But if your dog is a family pet or a couch potato, you probably won\u2019t notice much.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Only when the condition affects both sides of the larynx (\u201cbilateral\u201d paralysis) will most pet owners realize that there is a problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1823\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Agility-1.jpg\" alt=\"A dog running an obstacle course\" class=\"wp-image-1671\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Agility-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Agility-1-1100x1044.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Agility-1-768x729.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Agility-1-1536x1458.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">What causes Lar Par?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most of the time, we don\u2019t know. This is called \u201cidiopathic\u201d Lar Par.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Occasionally, we find an underlying cause, such as hypothyroidism (a lazy thyroid). This is somewhat controversial, since hypothyroidism is common in older Labs and Goldens anyway. That said, treating hypothyroidism will never correct Lar Par. So we recommend treating hypothyroidism because of the other consequences, not because it helps or cures Lar Par.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rarely, Lar Par is due to trauma, cancer, generalized diseases of nerves or muscles, or previous surgery (e.g. on the trachea or the thyroid gland).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">What are the signs?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lar Par is a very stressful condition for the patient \u2014 who obviously doesn\u2019t understand what is going on. These dogs literally suffocate. It\u2019s a terrible and terrifying condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typically, the signs are progressive. The dog pants without exercising, has a noisy and labored breathing, and gets tired quickly during regular walks. Owners may notice that their dog\u2019s voice changes and sounds hoarse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, because Lar Par most often occurs in older dogs, the signs are often blamed on old age and arthritis\u2026 which delays treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, Lar Par patients are often presented to a vet when they are in real trouble, i.e. when they can barely breathe. Most often, this happens as the weather becomes hot and humid, but I see these patients year-round, even in the Winter. Overweight or obesity worsens the condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At worst, the condition can become life-threatening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">How does my vet know my dog has Lar Par?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An experienced vet or surgeon will suspect Lar Par the second a patient walks into the exam room or on a 10 second video. But to confirm the suspicion, an exam of the larynx under sedation is necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before this can be done safely, we perform full blood work and chest X-rays. The purpose of blood work is to ensure the safety of sedation and anesthesia. The goal of chest X-rays is to know whether the patient has aspiration pneumonia (more on this below). The same X-rays can show if the patient as mega-esophagus, ie an enlargement of the esophagus &#8211; the tube between the mouth in the stomach. Finally, these X-rays confirm that there is no hidden cancer in the chest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Under \u201clight\u201d sedation, the mouth is opened and the larynx is observed. With Lar Par, the folds of the larynx will not open and close as the patient breathes in and out. The folds remain closed &#8211; paralyzed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Light sedation means that it should be heavy enough so the mouth can be opened, but mild enough for the patient to breathe spontaneously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Preop-view-2000x1500.jpg\" alt=\"The 2 folds of the larynx are unable to open up\" class=\"wp-image-1677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Preop-view-2000x1500.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Preop-view-1100x825.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Preop-view-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Preop-view-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Preop-view-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><figcaption>The 2 folds of the larynx are unable to open up<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">What is the emergency treatment?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When a patient presents on an emergency basis, two important goals are to calm the patient, and allow enough oxygen to get on board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This requires sedation (acepromazine is often the drug of choice). Oxygen can be delivered by many different ways. In extreme cases, the patient needs to be anesthetized and a tube is placed down the throat to deliver oxygen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My absolute least favorite way of stabilizing a Lar Par patient in crisis is an emergency tracheostomy, although it may be the only option in very rare cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If the patient\u2019s temperature is seriously high from overheating, emergency measures are taken to lower it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the patient is stabilized, surgery is the best treatment. Nothing else will work as successfully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">What happens in surgery?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The goal of surgery is to permanently open up the larynx to allow more air to get in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two main types of surgery: intraoral (i.e. surgery is done via the mouth) and extraoral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These days, the vast majority of surgeons will choose the extraoral approach, i.e. surgery is done through the left side of the neck. Most often, they will typically do a laryngeal \u201ctie-back\u201d procedure, a.k.a. arytenoid lateralization, on ONE side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typically, surgery involves placing 2 heavy nylon sutures (i.e. permanent) to open up the left side of the larynx. Only one side (again, typically the left) is opened up to minimize the risk of aspiration pneumonia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doing surgery on both sides dramatically increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia\u2026 and is simply not necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1459\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Agility-2.jpg\" alt=\"A dog running an obstacle course\" class=\"wp-image-1672\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Agility-2.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Agility-2-1100x836.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Agility-2-768x584.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Agility-2-1536x1167.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">What is the outcome?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In good hands, the outcome is typically good.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Theoretically, surgery provides instant relief: The patient can finally breathe. Then of course (s)he needs to recover and heal after surgery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clients often worry about doing this surgery in their (typically) older dog. The fact is, more lar par patients are over 10 years old.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My standard replies are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Age is not a disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Lar Par is not a death sentence. It\u2019s a bump along the road, which shouldn\u2019t affect the patient\u2019s life expectancy as long as they don\u2019t get deadly aspiration pneumonia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">What are the complications?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>. Coughing is expected after surgery, typically after eating and mostly after drinking. That\u2019s a good thing, as it will hopefully prevent the dog from \u201cswallowing the wrong way.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>. The voice may change, and barking disappears. These are not really complications. They are standard consequence of the tie back procedure you need to be aware of.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>. Failure of the nylon sutures and\/or a condition of the cartilage of the larynx (too soft or too brittle) are rare but severe complications, which is why we insist on confinement, peace, and quiet after surgery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>. The dreaded complication is Aspiration Pneumonia (also known as AP). This is a type of pneumonia due to aspiration, or inhalation, of food, water, saliva or vomit into the lungs. Thankfully it is an uncommon complication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>. GOLPP (geriatric onset laryngeal paralysis polyneuropathy) is not really a complication of lar par, but something to be aware of, especially in Labs. More information can be found here: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/what-is-golpp-geriatric-onset-laryngeal-paralysis-polyneuropathy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/what-is-golpp-geriatric-onset-laryngeal-paralysis-polyneuropathy\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Golden.jpg\" alt=\"A derpy Golden Retriever\" class=\"wp-image-1674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Golden.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Golden-1100x733.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Golden-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Golden-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">What if my pet gets aspiration pneumonia? Then what?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s crucial that aspiration pneumonia is caught early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is an aggressive disease that must be treated aggressively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We look for 4 criteria: coughing, lethargy, poor appetite and a fever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you ever suspect AP, time is of the essence. A vet should see the patient ASAP, listen to the lungs and take chest X-rays to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment involves hospitalization, IV fluids, strong antibiotics, nebulization and a type of physical therapy called coupage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">What\u2019s new with Laryngeal Paralysis?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We now give patients 2 anti-vomiting drugs (metoclopramide and Cerenia) and an antacid before surgery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then they stay on cisapride (a daily pill) for life, after surgery. The hope is to decrease the risk of vomiting by helping move food downward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These days, we don\u2019t make the opening in the larynx as big as we used to, just enough for the patient to breathe comfortably. This is clearly art more than science, and you can see how experience comes into play. What\u2019s the downside? The patient will likely have a noisier breathing, as air goes through a smaller opening. But again, as long as the patient can breathe comfortably, we don\u2019t mind. As I always tell my clients, \u201cI don\u2019t treat noise, I treat dogs.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/greyhound.jpg\" alt=\"A black slender dog\" class=\"wp-image-1675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/greyhound.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/greyhound-1100x734.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/greyhound-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.drphilzeltzman.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/greyhound-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">What do I need to do at home after surgery?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This will depend on your surgeon\u2019s recommendations. In my practice, we recommend:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Strict rest for 2 months to allow proper healing with scar tissue<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Soft food (\u201cmeat balls\u201d) for 2 weeks<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Not too much water intake at once<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Pain killers for 7 days<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Cisapride for life (not all surgeons do that)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Weight loss (these patients are often chubby), or weight control as needed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 A harness instead of a neck collar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The only restriction is swimming: your dog will have a permanently open larynx, with no possibility of closing it off, should (s)he swallows water. There is therefore a risk of aspiration at best, and drowning at worst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\">What\u2019s the bottom line?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Overall, Lar Par is a stressful condition for the dog and a stressful situation for the owner. Fortunately, in most cases, results of Laryngeal Paralysis surgery are good to excellent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Phil Zeltzman, DVM, DACVS, CVJ, Fear Free Certified<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.DrPhilZeltzman.com\">www.DrPhilZeltzman.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>* Here is a list of breeds I\u2019ve treated over the years:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Labradors and Lab mixes are # 1 by very very far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Golden retriever<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pitbull<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Greyhound<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shepherd (and mixes)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>St. Bernard<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Britany spaniel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Husky (young or old)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sheltie<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Beagle<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Akita<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mastiff<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Boxer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bulldog (yes, really)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pomeranian<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wheaten Terrier<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Border collie<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Springer spaniel<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chessie (Chesapeake Bay Retriever)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bassett hound<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Laryngeal paralysis (aka \u201clar par\u201d) is a common condition in dogs (and rarely cats). What follows are my thoughts about the condition, its treatment and its outcome. They are based on recent science, and many years of experience treating lar par. What is Laryngeal Paralysis? Laryngeal paralysis is a condition that severely affects a pet\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[69,265,50,52,157,96,10],"class_list":["post-1670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-emergency-surgery","tag-golpp","tag-lar-par","tag-laryngeal-paralysis","tag-phil-zeltzman","tag-tie-back-surgery","tag-veterinary-surgery"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Laryngeal paralysis is not a death sentence | Dr Phil Zeltzman\u2019s Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Laryngeal paralysis (aka \u201clar par\u201d) is a common condition in dogs (and rarely cats). 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